Acromis spinifex (Linnaeus, 1763)
Cassida spinifex Linnaeus, 1763: 392 (TE unknown), 1767: 576; Gmelin, 1787: 1638; Fabricius, 1775: 91, 1781: 112, 1787: 65, 1792: 302, 1801: 402; Goeze, 1777: 204; Olivier, 1790: 387, 1808: 931 (incl. fig.); Lichtenstein, 1795: 66; Herbst, 1799: 327; Illiger, 1806: 227; Schönherr, 1817: 224; Klug, 1829: 15.
Selenis Spinifex: Hope, 1840 a: 96, 1840 b: 3, 91; Boheman, 1854: 96, 1856: 85, 1862: 221; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642; Fiebrig, 1910: 166 (biology); Spaeth, 1914 g: 52, 1942 b: 27; Maulik, 1916: 581.
Acromis spinifex: Blackwelder, 1946: 743; Wilcox, 1975: 151; Buzzi, 1988: 568 (biology); Haitlinger, 1993 a: 71 (phoretic mites); Borowiec, 1996 a: 121, 1998 b: 169, 1999 d: 83, 2002 a: 45, 2009 f: 617; Chaboo, 2001: 89 (incl. fig., larva); Chaboo and Borowiec, 2003: 73; Borowiec and Moragues, 2005: 248; Flinte et al., 2009: 573; Borowiec and Takizawa, 2011: 428; Simões et al., 2021: 205.
Cassida angustata Linnaeus, 1767: 578; Goeze, 1777: 209; Olivier, 1790: 390, 1808: 933 (incl. fig.); Illiger, 1806: 228 (as syn. of spinifex); Schönherr, 1817: 224; Hope, 1840 b: 4.
Selenis spinifex var. angustata: Boheman, 1856: 86; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642.
Cassida perforata Pallas, 1772: 3 (TE unknown), 1778: 219; Fabricius, 1777: 219, 1781: 111, 1787: 64, 1792: 301, 1801: 402 (as syn. of spinifex); Goeze, 1777: 210; Gmelin, 1787: 1638; Olivier, 1790: 386, 1808: 932 (incl. fig.); Lichtenstein, 1795: 66; Herbst, 1799: 343; Illiger, 1806: 227 (as syn. of spinifex).
Selenis perforata: Hope, 1840: 96.
Selenis spinifex var. perforata: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642.
Selenis spinifex ab. perforata: Spaeth, 1942 b: 27.
Selenis nebulosa Boheman, 1854: 99 (LT! in NRS!), 1856: 86, 1862: 221; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642; Spaeth, 1914 g: 51; Tenenbaum, 1927: 36.
Selenis spinifex ab. nebulosa: Spaeth, 1942 b: 27.
Acromis nebulosa: Blackwelder, 1946: 743; Buzzi, 1980: 63-67 (imm. stages, biology), 1988: 568 (biology); Haitlinger, 1993 a: 70 (parasite).
Selenis cerastes Voet: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642 (nomen nudum).
Host plant: Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea batatas (Monte, 1955; Silva et al., 1968), Ipomoea sp. (Buzzi, 1980).
Distr.: spinifex: America calidiore; angustata: India; perforata: Surinam; nebulosa: Bolivia; Chiquitos. N Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul; Colombia; Ecuador; French Guyana; Guyana; Paraguay; Peru; Surinam; Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela.
figure: habitus in colour