Macromonycha apicalis (Gebler, 1845)
Cassida apicalis Gebler, 1845: 105 (TE in ?), 1860: 33; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3652; Kraatz, 1879: 269.
Macromonycha apicalis: Spaeth, 1911: 271, 1914 f: 146, 1914 g: 88; Spaeth and Reitter, 1926: 19; Matis, 1972: 1661 (biology); Lopatin, 1977 a: 247; Lopatin and Kulenova, 1986: 178; Gruev, 1995 a: 185; Borowiec et al., 1997: 152, 1999 d: 311; Sekerka, 2004: 159, 2008 c: 97; Borowiec and Sekerka, 2010: 380.
Cassida Olivieri Boheman, 1854: 332 (TE in MNHN), 1856: 117, 1862: 287; Spaeth, 1911: 271 (as syn. of apicalis).
Aspidomorpha Olivieri: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3650.
Asphalesia Olivieri: Weise, 1899 a: 247.
Cassida orientalis [sic]: Spaeth, 1911: 271 (error).
Cassida suberosa Weise in Reitter, 1889: 132 (ST! in ZMHU!, IZPAS!); Desbrochers, 1891: 47; Spaeth, 1914 g: 88 (as syn. of apicalis).
Chiridula suberosa Weise, 1889: 42, 1893: 1070.
Macromonycha suberosa: Spaeth and Reitter, 1926: 19.
Macromonicha [sic] apicalis ab. suberosa: Matis, 1970: 29 (larva, pupa).
Cassida suberosa var. discoidalis Reitter, 1891: 35 (TE in HNHM); Spaeth, 1914 g: 88 (as syn. of apicalis).
Chiridula suberosa var. discoidalis: Weise, 1893: 1070.
Kari brunnea Maulik, 1923: 602 (HT in BMNH, incl. fig.); Spaeth and Reitter, 1926: 19 (as ab. of anatolica).
Host plant: Brassicaceae: Malcolmia sp. (Matis, 1972).
Distr.: apicalis: deserto Kirgisico-Songorico; olivieri: Oriens; suberosa: Chodsha-kala, Araxesthal; discoidalis: Turkestan; brunnea: Palestine: 10 miles east of Jerusalem. Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran; Israel; Kazakhstan; Syria; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan.
figure: habitus in colour (two forms)
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